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The Australian model

This paper explores the Australian experience of assisted dying legislation and what lessons can be learned from the systems used in each state. It looks at the impact on practitioners, those using the system, and palliative care services.

A pink strip at the top of the paper with the words: "Centre Think Tank ISSN 2634-4696". The paper title is "The Australian model." Below this is a light blue background with a map of Australia in yellow shades. Research paper. By Torrin Wilkins, June 17th 2025. At the bottom is a white strip with the Centre Think Tank logo in pink beneath, and next to this in red “Commissioned by Campaign For DIGNITY IN DYING,” with the word “IN” in blue.

The Australian model: Lessons from Australia on legislation and implementation of assisted dying

This paper explores the Australian experience of assisted dying legislation and what lessons can be learned from the systems used in each state. It looks at the impact on practitioners, those using the system, and palliative care services.
A white background with a white page on. This has the words "The Australian model, summary of findings" written at the top. Below this are multiple bullet points. Below this in red is “Commissioned by Campaign For DIGNITY IN DYING,” with the word “IN” in blue.

The Australian model - one page summary

One page summary version of our paper "The Australian model".

Quick summary

  • With more than 100 individual safeguards, the Australian model is safe, and there are no reports or evidence of people being coerced into an assisted death. The health professionals we spoke to told us that the only instances of coercive behaviour they have seen are attempts to persuade people not to choose an assisted death.
  • An in-depth analysis of the Australian system also shines a light on the extensive system of safeguards. The Australian experience also shows how many of the most vital safeguards are only apparent after implementation, such as training, guidance, statewide services, and methods to detect coercion.
  • Assisted dying implementation has benefited palliative care. This includes almost a billion Australian dollars in additional palliative care funding. Australia also provides a model for cooperation between palliative care and assisted dying systems, especially as many individuals use both services at the same time.
  • With safe and well-functioning systems in place, public opinion has also shifted further in favour of assisted dying. The opinion of medical bodies has also shifted, with organisations adopting neutral and supportive positions.
  • To understand all of these issues, this paper includes extensive interviews with practitioners who have seen the system firsthand, loved ones who understand what the system is like for those accessing it, and an MP who has passed a state bill to legalise assisted dying.

View the data

Australian laws on assisted dying

See our interactive page with the data from our paper and interactive maps.

Interviews

Pauline McGrath spoke about her experience of the assisted dying system with her husband, David Levitt, who was the Director of General Paediatrics and Dermatology and Director of Paediatric Education at the Queensland Childrens Hospital.

Brigitte Tampin is the widow of Paul Tampin and has a personal experience of the assisted dying system within Western Australia. Paul grew up in London and then moved to Australia. He was then diagnosed with stage four lung cancer, which had spread to his liver. Paul decided to access assisted dying in 2022.

Dr Clare Fellingham was originally born in London. She trained at St. Georges Hospital Medical School and then moved to New Zealand and finally to Australia.

Alex Greenwich MP is an independent member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly since 2012. He introduced the Voluntary Assisted Dying Bill 2021 to the Legislative Assembly in New South Wales.

Dr Nancy Burge was among the first doctors to undergo training when Western Australia legalised assisted dying.

Dr Anna Negus has been a provider under the Western Australia Voluntary Assisted Dying Act since legislation was passed.

Dr Paddy Glackin is a voluntary assisted dying practitioner and the Western Australia Country Health Service Clinical Lead for Voluntary Assisted Dying.

Liz Smyth spoke about the experience with her brother Rob Smith, who was diagnosed with stage four lung cancer in October 2022.

Videos

Our video on the Australian assisted dying laws and our paper on the topic.

Author

Torrin Wilkins

Director and Founder

Torrin is the Founder and Director of the Centre. His experience includes authoring over a dozen papers and over one hundred policies. His policies have been backed by an All-Party Parliamentary Group of over 260 MPs and included in various party manifestos. He regularly appears in a wide range of print and broadcast media and previously had a weekly column for a national publication. He also has a degree in Political Studies from Aberystwyth University.

Foreword

Dr Simon Opher MP

Member of Parliament

Simon is the Member of Parliament for Stroud, has been a General Practitioner for the past 30 years, and is Chair of the All-Party Parliamentary Health Group.

Commissioned by

A white background with the words "Campaign for Dignity in Dying." in both red and blue.

Dignity in Dying

Dignity in Dying is the campaign for the option of assisted dying for terminally ill, mentally competent adults.

Outcomes

Parliamentary mentions

The Australian model of assisted dying was mentioned during the parliamentary debate on the Terminally Ill Adults (End of Life) Bill, including by the sponsor of the bill, Kim Leadbeater MP. We also briefed Members of Parliament on our paper.

Paper views

The paper received over 22,000 views. This included a video explaining the paper and interviews with participants.

Parliamentary success

The bill successfully passed the third reading stage in the House of Commons. Our paper provided evidence to support the bill at this stage and provided recommendations for future stages.

Parliamentary mentions

The Australian model of assisted dying was mentioned during the parliamentary debate on the Terminally Ill Adults (End of Life) Bill, including by the sponsor of the bill, Kim Leadbeater MP. We also briefed Members of Parliament on our paper.

Paper views

The paper received over 22,000 views. This included a video explaining the paper and interviews with participants.

Parliamentary success

The bill successfully passed the third reading stage in the House of Commons. Our paper provided evidence to support the bill at this stage and provided recommendations for future stages.